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Stokes-Adams attackWikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Cite This SourceThe term Stokes-Adams Attack refers to a sudden, transient episode of syncope, occasionally featuring seizures. It is named after two Irish physicians, Robert Adams (1791–1875) and William Stokes (1804–1877).
Signs and symptomsThe patient goes pale just before the attack, the pulse stops, and they collapse. Normal periods of unconsciousness are around 30 seconds; if seizures are present, they will consist of twitching after 15–20 seconds. Breathing continues normally throughout the attack, and so on recovery the patient becomes flushed as the heart rapidly pumps the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary beds into a systemic circulation which has become dilated due to hypoxia.
As with any syncopal episode that results from a cardiac dysrhythmia, the faints do not depend on the patient's position. If they occur during sleep, the presenting symptom may simply be feeling hot and flushed on waking.
DiagnosisStokes-Adams attacks may be diagnosed from the history, with paleness prior to the attack and flushing after it particularly characteristic. The ECG will show asystole or ventricular fibrillation during the attacks.
CausesThe attacks are caused by loss of cardiac output due to cardiac asystole, heart block, or ventricular fibrillation. The resulting lack of blood flow to the brain is responsible for the faint.
TreatmentTreatment is normally surgical, involving the insertion of a pacemaker.
PrognosisIf undiagnosed (or untreated), Stokes-Adams attacks have a 50% mortality within a year of the first episode. The prognosis following treatment is very good.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia © 2001-2006 Wikipedia contributors (Disclaimer)This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.Last updated on Sunday May 06, 2007 at 04:33:34 PDT (GMT -0700)View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
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